Notes This preview shows page 1 - 3 out of 7 pages. Chapter 13●Personality:the pattern of enduring characteristics that produce consistency andindividuality in a given person. Personality encompasses the behaviors that make eachof us unique and that differentiate us from others. Personality also leads us to actconsistently in different situations and over extended periods of time.●psychodynamic personality theoristsmight argue that the error illustrates one way inwhich behavior is triggered by inner forces that are beyond our awareness.●Psychodynamic approaches to personalityare based on the idea that personality isprimarily unconscious and motivated by inner forces and conflicts about which peoplehave little awareness.●psychoanalytic theory:Freud’s theory that unconscious forces act as determinants ofpersonality.●Unconscious:much of our behavior is motivated by the unconscious, a part of thepersonality that contains the memories, knowledge, beliefs, feelings, urges, drives, andinstincts of which the individual is not aware.●Ego:the part of the personality that attempts to balance the desires of the id and therealities of the objective, outside world. It starts to develop soon after birth.●pleasure principlein which the goal is the immediate reduction of tension and themaximization of satisfaction.●reality principlein which instinctual energy is restrained to maintain the individual’ssafety and to help integrate the person into society.●Superego:the part of the personality that harshly judges the morality of our behavior.●conscience: which prevents us from behaving in a morally improper way by making usfeel guilty if we do wrong●Psychosexual stages:five stages, during which children encounter conflicts betweenthe demands of society and their own sexual urges (in which sexuality is more aboutexperiencing pleasure and less about lust). (Freud)●Fixations:are conflicts or concerns that persist beyond the developmental period inwhich they first occur● ●Oral stage:first stage, the baby’s mouth is the focal point of pleasure. During the first 12to 18 months of life, children suck, eat, mouth, and bite anything they can put into theirmouths.●Anal Stage:From around age 12 to 18 months until 3 years of age—a period when theemphasis in Western cultures is on toilet training●Phallic Stage:At this point, there is another major shift in the child’s primary source ofpleasure. Now interest focuses on the genitals and the pleasures derived from fondlingthem. During this stage, the child must also negotiate one of the most important hurdlesof personality development: the Oedipal conflict.●Oedipal conflict:a child’s intense, sexual interest in his or her opposite-sex parent.According to Freudian theory, the Oedipal conflict plays out as children focus attentionon their genitals, and the differences between male and female anatomy become moresalient. Upload your study docs or become a Course Hero member to access this document Upload your study docs or become a Course Hero member to access this document End of preview. Want to read all 7 pages? Upload your study docs or become a Course Hero member to access this document AbstractPsychodynamic theories of personality propose an account of human behaviour which relies heavily on the notion that personality is motivated by dynamic inner forces which regulate and control behaviour and arise from past experiences (see also Chapter 1). All psychodynamic theories are based to varying degrees on the psychoanalytic theory of Sigmund Freud (1856–1939). Other psychodynamic theorists, such as Jung, Adler (briefly discussed in the introduction to Part 1), Erikson (discussed in Chapter 23), Anna Freud and Melanie Klein (considered in Chapter 1) adapted and modified Freud’s original ideas. Freud’s psychoanalytic theory has been outlined in the Introduction to Part 1. His theory is now described and evaluated in greater depth. PreviewUnable to display preview. Download preview PDF. Further reading
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Copyright information© 1998 Tony Malim and Ann Birch About this chapterCite this chapterMalim, T., Birch, A. (1998). Psychodynamic and person-centred theories of personality. In: Introductory Psychology. Palgrave, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14186-9_37 Download citation
Which approaches to personality are based on the idea that personality is motivated by inner forces and conflicts about which people have little awareness or control?Psychodynamic approaches to personality are based on the idea that personality is motivated by inner forces and conflicts about which people have little awareness and over which they have no control.
Which theories of personality emphasize the unconscious and inner forces?Psychodynamic theory (sometimes called psychoanalytic theory) explains personality in terms of unconscious psychological processes (for example, wishes and fears of which we're not fully aware), and contends that childhood experiences are crucial in shaping adult personality.
What approaches to personality are approaches that assume?Approaches that assume that personality is primarily unconscious and motivated by inner forces and conflicts about which people have little awareness. Freud's theory that unconscious forces act as determinants of personality.
What are the 6 approaches to personality?Six Approaches to Personality Six general approaches to explaining personality. These are the psychoanalytic approach, the trait approach, the biological approach, the humanistic approach, the behavioral /social learning approach, and the cognitive approach.
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