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Computer systemsComputer systems are a combination of both hardware and software working together. Hardware is the physical components of a computer and software is the programs that run on a computer.
The central processing unit (CPU) consists of
six main components: All components work together to allow processing and system control. The CU provides several functions: The ALU has two main functions: The ALU performs calculations and makes logical decisions. RegistersRegisters are small amounts of high-speed memory contained within the CPU. They are used by the processor to store small amounts of data that are needed during processing, such as:
Different processors have different numbers of registers for different purposes, but most have some, or all, of the following:
CacheCache is a small amount of high-speed random access memory (RAM) built directly within the processor. It is used to temporarily hold data and instructions that the processor is likely to reuse. This allows for faster processing as the processor does not have to wait for the data and instructions to be fetched from the RAM. BusesA bus is a high-speed internal connection. Buses are used to send control signals and data between the processor and other components. Three types of bus are used:
ClockThe CPU contains a clock which is used to coordinate all of the computer's components. The clock sends out a regular electrical pulse which synchronises (keeps in time) all the components. The frequency of the pulses is known as the clock speed. Clock speed is measured in hertz. The higher the frequency, the more instructions can be performed in any given moment of time. In the 1980s, processors commonly ran at a rate of between 3 megahertz (MHz) to 5 MHz, which is 3 million to 5 million pulses or cycles per second. Today, processors commonly run at a rate of 3 gigahertz (GHz) to 5 GHz, which is 3 billion to 5 billion pulses or cycles per second.
GCSE Subjects
Which of the following is the component of the processor that performs arithmetic comparison and other operation?The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) performs arithmetic, comparison and other operations. E.g. basic calculations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.
Which of the following is the component of the processor?The three logical units that make up the central processing unit are the arithmetic and logic unit (ALU), main storage, and the control unit.
Which of the following is the component of the processor that directs?ALU and CU is that arithmetic logic unit, another component of the processor, performs arithmetic, comparison, and other operations. While control unit is the component of the processor that directs and coordinates most of the operations in the computer.
Is the component of the processor that directs and coordinates most of the operations in the computer?The control unit directs and coordinates most of the operations in the computer.
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