The engineer sarah guppy 1770-1852 ielts listening answers

LISTENING AND READING PRACTICE TESTS with Answers and Audioscripts IELTS Essentials @IELTSUzNav Questions 1-10 Complete the table below. Write ONE WORD AND / OR A NUMBER for each answer. Art classes at Bramley Community Centre Class Things to bring Fees /Timetable Tutor Example ‘Movement and light ‘: painting in the style of French impressionists a set of 1 …………..… is essential The cost is 2 $………… for two terms Monday evenings 6-8 p.m., Room 15 A local artist called Steve 3 …………… ‘Clay Basics’: using the pottery wheel to make several 4 …………..…… an old 5 ………….…… would be a good idea The cost is $180 per term Every 6 …….……… 6:30-8:30 p.m., Room 3 Theresa Clark – her work is displayed in the community centre ‘Sketching Architecture’: drawing old buildings, starting with the 7 …….…….…… people usually take a fold-up chair and a 8 …………..….… The cost is $160 per term Fridays 11-1 p.m. meet at the corner of Victoria Street and 9 ……………..… Road Annie Li Annie’s cell phone number: 10 …………..………… Exam Practice Test 1 Listening Part 1 1 IELTS Essentials @IELTSUzNav Questions 11-12 Choose TWO letters, A-E. Which TWO things will employees need to do during their first week in heir new office space? A find out about safety procedures B collect a new form of identification C move boxes containing documents D make a note of any problem that occurs E learn about new company technology Questions 13-14 Choose TWO letters, A-E. Which TWO steps have the company taken to improve the physical environmental of employee’s offices? A provided comfortable seating B installed a new heating system C used attractive materials D enlarged people’s working space E replaced the old type of lights Questions 15-20 Label the plan below. Write the correct letter, A-I, next to Questions 15-20. Plan of the renovated factory complex 15 Conference center 16 New office space 17 Stores 18 Finance 19 Café 20 IT Department Listening Part 2 ………… ………… ………… ………… ………… ………… 2 IELTS Essentials @IELTSUzNav Questions 21-26 Complete the flow-chart below. Choose SIX answers from the box and write the correct letter, A-I, next to Questions 21-26. History of vitamin supplements Prior to 1900s: physical weakness is thought to be caused by 21 ……………………….…… Early 1900s: research shows a link between 22 ……………………….…… and sickness 1930s: governments become concerned about the popularity of 23 …………………… . 1940s: 24 ……………………… convince housewives to buy vitamin supplements 1950s: 25 ……………….…… make vitamin supplements more accessible to consumers 1960s to present day: vitamin supplement sales continue to rise because of 26 ………… Questions 27-30 Choose the correct letter, A, B or C 27 Sam believes that more Australians are taking vitamin supplements because they A want to have control of their own health. B are advised to by local health authorities. C have benefitted from competition amongst manufactures. 28 Lucy is concerned that the US vitamin supplements industry is not required to A follow the guidelines produced by a government agency. B list all the possible side effects of taking vitamins. C provide evidence that their products are effective, A lifestyle changes F effective packaging B famous people G toxic substances C scientific findings H processed foods D industrial processes I alarming images E poor diet Listening Part 3 29 When discussing the Danish experiment, Lucy and Sam conclude that vitamin supplements A are best used fir preventing minor illnesses. B are not fully understood by researchers. C are harmful if taken in large amounts 30 Lucy and Sam agree that stricter regulation of the vitamin supplement industry A would only lead to a slight decrease in sales. B might be necessary for some types of vitamin. C may not be welcome by all consumers. 3 IELTS Essentials @IELTSUzNav Questions 31-36 Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer. Insect Extinction in the 21st Century The reasons why insect populations are declining • In Europe, important plants are no longer found in fields or 31 …………………. . • In the Amazon rainforest, 32 ………………….. might be the cause of butterfly and beetle loss. • Globally, pesticides are affecting the spatial skills and 33……………………….. of bees. The consequences of declining insect populations • Insects are an essential part of the 34 ………………..…..…. in all places apart from Antarctica. • Crop production will fall dramatically. • Researchers can’t discover any new 35……………….…………… based on plants. The possible ways to prevent insect extinction • Governments must restrict the sale of pesticides. • People must reduce their consumption of 36………………….…. . Questions 37-40 Complete the sentences below. Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer. 37 Sand from the Antioch Dunes was used to make ………….……. for houses in the early 1900s. 38 The metalmark butterfly requires one type of Antioch Dunes plant for its ………………………. . 39 In recent years …………………. has led to the loss of wildlife in the Antioch Dunes. 40 The Antioch Dunes project shows how …… ……. does not always require much land. Listening Part 4 4 IELTS Essentials @IELTSUzNav New Apartment Example Answer Landlady’s Name: Mary Jones General • partly furnished • no 1 ……………….. are allowed Kitchen • nice and big • there is a new 2 ……………….. Lounge • some 3 ……………….. will be built soon Bedroom • good clothes storage • need to bring a 4 ……………….. Bathroom • only a shower • the water is heated by 5 ……………….. Questions 6-10 Complete the form below. Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. Tenancy Form Tenant details • Full name: Andrew 6 ……………….. • Best contact: 7 andrew171@………………… .com • Driver’s licence: 8 ……………….. Tenancy details • Moving-in date: 9……………….. • Rent per week: $315 • Bond paid: 10 $……………….. Exam Practice Test 2 Write NO MORE THAN ONE WORD for each answer. Listening Part 1 Questions 1-5 Complete the notes below. 5 IELTS Essentials @IELTSUzNav 11 What is new about the Writer’s Festival this year? A more international guests B extra time for questions C additional locations for events 12 Tickets for the Wearable Art even A are selling out quickly. B have been reduced in price. C must be booked in advance. 13 Ocean Times at Bright’s Beach is A a sporting competition for adults. B an educational event for all ages. C a play day for young children. 14 People going to Artscape Exhibition A should wear appropriate clothing. B must keep to the proper path. C need to arrive at a certain time. 15 Tours of the Civil Theatre A do not happen often. B have never happened before. C may happen more regularly in future. Questions 16-20 What comment does the speaker make about each of the following events? Write the correct letter, A, B or C, next to questions 16-20. You may use any letter more than once. Comments A the location has changed B transport will be a problem C the event might be crowded 16 Night Market ………… 17 Buskers Festival ………… 18 Stand Up for Kids ………… 19 Sunday Unplugged ………… 20 Ignite Dance Finals ………… Questions 11-15 Choose the correct letter, A, B, or C. Listening Part 2 6 IELTS Essentials @IELTSUzNav Questions 21-22 Choose TWO letters, A-E. What TWO problems do the students identify with ‘learning videos’? A Babies lose interest too quickly. B Babies need to explore things. C Babies want to be with other babies. D Babies’ eyes may be damaged. E Babies should have contact with adults. Questions 23-24 Choose TWO letters, A-E. When discussing the ‘present research’, Maia is surprised that A ordinary people have altered their habits. B the findings are very detailed. C most babies behave the same way. D boys and girls like different toys. E the methodology has been criticised. Questions 25-26 Choose TWO letters, A-E. What impresses the students about the bilingual experiment in Spain? A the long-term effects of the lessons B the large number of research subjects C the fact that the children enjoyed themselves D the fact that teachers had the same training E the response of schools to the findings Questions 27-30 What comment does the speaker make about each of the following events? Write the correct letter, A, B or C, next to questions 16-20. You may use any letter more than once. Findings A Babies understand cause and effect. B Babies like physical exercise. C Babies like their actions to be copied. D Babies are excited by surprises. E Babies recognise basic grammar. F Babies like to help other people. Research studies 27 Dr Pritchard’s study ………… 28 The three-year-olds study ………… 29 Professor Michelson’s study ………… 30 The United States study ………… Listening Part 3 7 IELTS Essentials @IELTSUzNav Complete the notes below. Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer. The Engineer Sarah Guppy, 1770-1852 Background Sarah Guppy • was born in Birmingham and moved to Bristol with her husband Conclusions • other women worked as engineers, e.g. Ada Lovelace and Hertha Marks Ayrton Listening Part 4 Questions 31-40 • women were active in many areas of 19th -century British society, e.g. Jane Harrison was the first female 31 ………………………… • by the end of the century there were 140 female dentists and 212 32 …………………………, as well as many musicians and actors • designed bridges that could survive 33 ………………………… • built 34 ………………………… of the Clifton Suspension Bridge • was a significant 35 ………………………… in the Clifton Suspension Bridge together with her husband • designed a ‘barnacle buster’ that allowed 36 ………………………… to go faster • helped stop 37 ………………………… near railway lines • built an amusing machine for making different parts of 38 ………………………… at the same time • designed an early type of 39 ………………………… equipment • it was not until 1906 that a woman 40 ………………………… in engineering 8 IELTS Essentials @IELTSUzNav Short Film Competition Rules • The film must be Example answer no more than 20 minutes long. submitted before Wednesday, 1 …………… . • Don’t use any 2 …………… with experience. • For the film, it’s necessary to include a child or 3 …………… this year. get permission for any 4 …………… used. check that English 5 …………… contain no mistakes. Advice • Focus on the 6…………… before doing anything else. • Stick to a few characters and locations. • Avoid making a 7 …………… because not all the judges will like it. Last year’s competition • The winner was Greg 8 …………… • The title of Greg’s film was 9…………… Prizes • Winners receive between $500 and $2000. • The best films are shown in the 10 …………… Theatre. Exam Practice Test 3 Listening Part 1 Questions 1-10 Complete the notes below. Write ONE WORD AND / OR A NUMBER for each answer. 9 IELTS Essentials @IELTSUzNav Questions 11-12 Choose TWO letters, A-E. Which TWO tasks will volunteers be required to do at Eskdale Wood? A fix fences B remove branches C collect litter D build bird boxes E cut down trees Questions 13-14 Choose TWO letters, A-E. Which TWO things must volunteers bring with them? A gloves B tools C snacks D sunscreen E boots Questions 15-20 Complete the flow-chart below. Choose SIX answers from the box and write the correct letter, A-H, next to Questions 15-20 A clear photograph B rough estimate C new account D suitable location E council permit F basic competition G good team H visual guide To Take Part in the Bird Count set up a 15 ………… for a mobile app decide on a 16 ………… for the day of the bird count organise a 17 ………… for support ensure everyone has access to a 18 ………… agree on a 19 ………… for observed birds submit a 20 ………… with you collected data Listening Part 2 10 IELTS Essentials @IELTSUzNav 21 A reasons why paintings need to be restored. B examples of poor restoration work. C a general description of what restoration involves. 22 When the students visited the museum, they were surprised by A the time it took to restore a single painting. B the academic backgrounds of the restores. C the materials used in restoration work. 23 What does Oliver say would put him off a career in art restoration? A the reaction of the owners of a painting B the possibility of working in dangerous conditions C the requirements to be able draw very well 24 What does students agree about the restored Dutch landscape painting? A It shows how taste in art varies amongst different people. B It is an example of a work that was once undervalued. C It demonstrates how cleaning techniques have greatly improved. 25 What is Oliver’s attitude to the digital reproduction of famous paintings? A It requires a great deal of skill. B There is something dishonest about it. C It makes art accessible to more people. Questions 26-30 What challenge did the Factum Arte team face with reproducing the following paintings? Choose FIVE answers from the box and write the correct letter, A-G, next to Questions 26-30. Challenges the Factum Arte team faced A they only had a photo of a badly restored version of the painting B they needed to see under the damaged surface of the painting C they had to get permission to analyze a very similar painting D they had to rely on similar drawings of the same subject E they had to negotiate with relations of the original artist F they were unable to view other examples of the artist’s work G they had only limited time to reproduce the painting Paintings the team wanted to reproduce 26 Six Sunflowers …………… 27 The Concert …………… 28 Portrait of Sir Winston Churchill …………… 29 The Water Lilies …………… 30 Myrto …………… Questions 21-25 Choose the correct letter, A, B or C Presentation on restoring and reproduction of paintings The students agree that the introduction to their presentation should include Listening Part 3 11 IELTS Essentials @IELTSUzNav Questions 31-40 Complete the notes below. Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer. The Challenges of Living in Space Living on the International Space Station (ISS) • Astronauts spend months in microgravity, so − their blood moves to the head and 31 …………….. . − they lose minerals such as 32 …………….. − they have to exercise 2.5 hours to avoid 33 …………….. loss. − they may suffer from poor 34 …………….. back on Earth. • NASA continues to improve ways to recycle water, including 35 …………….. Building on the moon or Mars • Engineers and architects must either use materials which − are 36 …………….. enough for transport. − can already be found on the moon or Mars. • Rocks and minerals could be used to make metal, brick and possibly 37…………….. for buildings. • NASA still needs to find a way to make large 38 ……………… • People could use virtual reality − to visit places like a 39 …………….. . − to get a new 40 ……………… . Listening Part 4 12 IELTS Essentials @IELTSUzNav Island Transport Vehicle Cost Comments Example Motor scooter 1 $………..… per day • fun to ride • they provide helmets and 2 ………..… • don’t ride on 3 ………..… Road Economy car $87.80 per day • four doors, five passengers • can drive on all the roads and to 4 ………..… for a swim • no 5 ………..… in the Economy car E-Bike 6 $ ……… per day • battery is not very 7 ………..… • a quality bike with two good 8 ……… • a map and 9 ………..… are provided • no 10 ………..… is needed Exam Practice Test 4 Listening Part 1 Questions 1-10 Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND / OR A NUMBER for each answer. 13 IELTS Essentials @IELTSUzNav Questions 11-15 Choose the correct letter, A, B, or C. The Community Garden 11 What was recently discovered at this site? A a written text about the area B various tools used for farming C some drawings showing the garden 12 This location is good for gardening because A the weather is warm. B there is enough water. C it is protected from the wind. 13 In 1860, what was built on this site? A a medical centre B a type of factory C a base for soldiers 14 Today, the fruit and vegetables from the gardens A are sold to businesses in the area. B are given to certain local people. C are used by those who work in the garden. 15 The local college now uses the gardens A as a location for scientific research. B for educating the wider community. C to teach its students gardening skills. Questions 16-20 Label the map below. The Community Garden Write the correct letter, A-H, next to Questions 16-20 16 worm farms 17 seed store 20 drying room Listening Part 2 ______ ______ 18 machinery shed ______ 19 compost heaps ______ ______ 14 IELTS Essentials @IELTSUzNav Questions 21-15 Write the correct letter, A, B, or C, next to Questions 21-25. The Benefits of Playing Video Games 21 According to Alya and Jason, Dr Franklin showed that video games have A been used in therapy for a long time. B only a limited number of uses in therapy. C been accepted by most doctors working in therapy. 22 According to the students, what is the biggest advantages of games in therapy? A Some injuries occur less frequently. B Costs are lower than other treatments. C Patients work harder at the researchers. 23 When discussing the Singapore study, the students disagree about A the purpose of the research. B the methodology used in the research. C the conclusions reached by the researchers. 24 What impresses the students about the anxiety research? A the variety of games that were used B results were confirmed in another study C both patients and their families benefitted 25 The students agree that the Rode Island research A provided reliable evidence. B has received widespread publicity. C has been criticised by some academics. Opinions A the finding may disappoint some businesses B the finding contradicts other research C the finding is relevant in particular countries D the finding is not believable E the finding is supported by various studies F the finding is not a surprise G the finding will become increasingly important 26 surgeon study …………… 27 vision study …………… 28 sport study …………… 29 ageing study …………… 30 career study …………… Listening Part 3 15 IELTS Essentials @IELTSUzNav Questions 31-40 Complete the notes below. Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer. Traditional Polynesian Navigation − Introduction • the islands of Polynesia are in the Pacific Ocean • the Polynesian peoples originally migrated from 31 …………… to the Pacific islands • European explorers were impressed that Polynesian canoes were 32 …………. than European ships − Equipment on ocean-going canoes • paddles were use for 33 …………… • sails were made from the pandanus plant • warm clothes were made from 34 …………… of the paper mulberry tree − How Polynesians navigated at sea • they did not have the magnetic compass • when it was cloudy, they found the direction by using 36 ……………. − Finding new islands • they could identify certain 37 …………… that only live near land • close to land, they could read changes in the sea’s 38 …………… − Recent history • in 1967 the canoe Hokule’a sailed from Hawaii to Tahiti without 39 …………… • now replica traditional canoes have sailed across the Pacific and around the world • as well as sailing, these voyages have created fresh interest in Polynesian culture, music and 40 …………… Listening Part 4 • they remembered where stars rose and set by making up detailed 35 …………… 16 IELTS Essentials @IELTSUzNav INSURANCE CLAIM FORM Example Client details Name: Greg Williams Policy reference: 1 …………………… Address: 2 102 …………………… Street, Northbridge Phone number: 3 …………………… Description of damage Date of incident: Sunday, 17th June Cause of incident: the house was damaged during a 4 …………………… Items client is claiming for: a pair of child’s 5 …………………… a new 6 …………………… a torn 7 …………………… repairs to the door of the 8 …………………… Builder dealing with damage Full name: Steven 9 …………………… Client to send in photographs of damaged 10 …………………… before building work starts Exam Practice Test 5 Listening Part 1 Questions 1-10 Complete the form below. Write ONE WORD AND / OR A NUMBER for each answer. 17 IELTS Essentials @IELTSUzNav Questions 11-12 Which TWO opportunities does the Young Explorer Programme offer to participants? Choose TWO letters, A-E. A Improving negotiation skills B Developing supportive relationships C Acquiring a new physical skill D Learning about environmental issues E Competing for an award Questions 13-14 Which TWO subjects must groups in their preliminary training? Choose TWO letters, A-E. A Finding sources of water B Operating cooking equipment C Knowing how to follow a route D Searching for sage things to eat E Using wood to build shelters Questions 15-20 What does the speaker say about each of the following tracks? Write the correct letter A, B, C, or D next to Questions 15-20 Tracks 15 Northface ………............... 16 Blue River ………............... 17 Pioneer ………............... 18 Edgewater ………............... 19 Murray ………............... 20 Lakeside ………............... A It is likely to be busy. B It may be unsafe in places. C It is currently closed to the public. D It is divided into two sections. Listening Part 2 18 IELTS Essentials @IELTSUzNav What impact might Artificial Intelligence (AI) have on each of the following professions? Choose FOUR answers from the box and write the correct letter, A-F, next to Questions 27-30. Impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) A It will give them a greater sense of satisfaction. B It will encourage them to compete with one another. C It will reduce the level of stress they have. D It may eventually lead to their jobs disappearing. E It could prevent them from coming to harm. F It will enable them to do tasks they have not trained for. 27 Architects ………............... 28 Doctors ………............... 29 Lawyers ………............... 30 Sports referees ………............... Listening Part 3 Questions 21-26 Write the correct letter, A, B, or C, next to Questions 21-26. Questions 27-30 21 Kiara and Finn agree that the articles they read on the future of work A mainly re6lect the concerns of older employees. B refer to the end of a traditional career path. C tend to exaggerate the likely changes. 22 What point does Kiara make about the phrase “job title”? A It is no longer relevant in modern times. B It shows colleagues how to interact with each other. C It will only apply to people higher up in an organization. 23 What issue affecting young employees is Finn most concerned about? A lack of job security B income inequality C poor chances of promotion 24 What is Kiara’s attitude towards the Richards-Greeves survey on work-life balances? A B She is curious about the kind of work the interviewees do. C She believes it would be useful to know what the questions were. 25 Finn and Kiara agree that if employees are obliged to learn new skills, A they should learn ones which might be useful in another job. B they should not be forced to learn them in their own time. C they should receive better guidance from training departments. 26 When Finn talks about the impact of mobile technology, Kiara responds by A emphasizing the possible disadvantages B describing her personal experience. C The Future of Work She thinks that the findings are predictable. mentioning groups who benefit most from devices. 19 IELTS Essentials @IELTSUzNav Questions 31-40 Complete the notes below. Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer. The Klondike Gold Rush of Canada The Gold-seekers’ journey to the Klondike river • Many gold-seekers set off from Skagway in Alaska. • The White Pass Trail was difficult because of rocks and 31……………………………… along the way. • The Chilkoot Trail was very 32……………………………… so it could take three months. • On both trails, gold-seekers gave up because of starvation, disease and the fear of 33……………………………… • At Lake Bennet, gold-seekers stayed in a 34……………………………… until spring arrived. • At Miles Canyon, it was necessary to hire an experienced 35……………………………… to continue the journey. • Gold-seekers finally reached Dawson and the Klondike river. The Equipment gold-seekers had to take • The 36……………………………… provided gold-seekers with a list. • The list included clothes, e.g. boots, thick coats tea and food such as 37……………………………… tools, e.g. rope and several 38……………………………… People who became successful because of the gold rush • Some business-minded people sold supplies or set up hotels. • Jack London created sense of 39……………………………… in his stories. • Annie Hall Strong and Emma Kelly contributed to various 40……………………………… in Canada and the US. Listening Part 4 20 IELTS Essentials @IELTSUzNav Listening Part 1 Questions 1 – 10 Complete the table below Write ONE WORD ONLY AND / OR A NUMBER for each answer. Kingstown Tours Name of tour Price Main activities Other information Cave Explorers Example $93 • go in a small 1…………………. to the other side of the lake • explore the caves • minimum age of 2…………………. years Silver Fjord $220 • travel by 3…………………. to the fjord • at Easten go for a 4…………………. • cruise on the fjord • see mountains and a large 5…………………. • eat a barbecue lunch • see marine life such as seals and 6…………………. High Country $105 • visit a historic home • lunch is in the 7…………………. • in the afternoon visit a 8…………………. • this tour has excellent reviews Zipline $75 • travel on a zipline above an old 9…………………. • reach speeds of 10…………………. miles per hour Listening Part 2 Questions 11 – 15 Choose the correct letter, A, B or C. Willford Living Museum 11 In the early 1800s most land in Willford was A occupied by houses. B used for farming. C covered in trees. 12 What happened in 1830 in Willford? A Ships started to be built nearby. B The first trains arrived in the town. C Valuable substances were found underground. 13 By the 1870s Willford was most famous for making A various metal objects. B all types of clothing. C plates and cups. 14 What does the guide say about visitors to the museum these days? A 900 visitors enter on a typical day. Exam Practice Test 6 21 IELTS Essentials @IELTSUzNav B 7,600 visitors arrive every week. C 300,000 visitors come each year. 15 The museum is also sometimes used A as a location for filming. B for business conferences. C by people getting married. Questions 16 – 20 Label the map below. Write the correct letter, A – H, next to Questions 16 – 20. Willford Living Museum 16 Old bakery ……………. 17 Doctor’s surgery ……………. 18 Cooper’s Cottage ……………. 19 Stables ……………. 20 Old school ……………. Listening Part 3 Questions 21 – 22 Choose TWO letters, A – E. According to the students, what are the TWO most important benefits of market research? A Selecting the best advertising B Reducing the levels of risks C Building confidence among employees D Saving money in the long run E Identifying new opportunities 22 IELTS Essentials @IELTSUzNav Questions 23 – 24 Choose TWO letters, A – E. Which do the students agree are TWO valid criticisms of market research? A It does not reveal any new information. B Its benefits are hard to measure. C It takes too much time to carry out. D It makes use of too much specialist language. E Its findings are sometimes wrong. Questions 25 – 26 Choose TWO letters, A – E. The students are surprised by the success of which TWO sources of information. A face-to-face communication B official government statistics C the media and social media D online surveys of public opinion E filming customers as they shop Questions 27 – 30 Complete the flow-chart below. Choose FOUR answers from the box and write the correct letter, A – F, next to Questions 27-30. A written records B online studies C specific questions D individual responsibility E proper planning F regular meetings Market Research Using a Business’s Own Resources Begin with staff education to maximize the chances of success. Give staff examples of 27……………. that will be helpful every day. The BQR Group says that staff should make use of 28……………. each week. Having 29……………. is motivating for staff, according to Business Guide. 23 IELTS Essentials @IELTSUzNav Provide detailed feedback about any changes that you decide to make Allow staff to have 30……………. to ensure continued participation. Listening Part 4 Questions 31 – 37 Complete the notes below. Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer Drinking Water Introduction • Drinking water is essential for human life. • The ‘8 glasses a day’ rule is a myth, except for the 31……………… . Some effects of water on the body • Drinking before 32……………… may assist weight loss. • Dr. Amaldi’s study shows that water speeds up 33……………… • A US research study showed that dehydrated bodies cannot control 34……………… so well • There is no evidence that drinking water results in better 35……………… The brain • Women who drank lots of water had fewer 36……………… • Men suffered more 37……………… with insufficient water. Questions 38 – 40 Complete the summary below. Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer. Too much water? Drinking too much water is not a common problem. Australian research has shown that people have difficulty 38…………………………… when they have drunk enough. But occasionally people have become sick from too much water, particularly groups of 39…………………………… . This may be because they have high levels of 40…………………………… in their blood. The best advice is to drink when you are thirsty. 24 IELTS Essentials @IELTSUzNav READING PASSAGE-1 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below. Why do people collect things? People from almost every culture love collecting things. They might collect stamps, books, cards, priceless paintings or worthless ticket stubs to old sports games. Their collection might hang on the walls of a mansion or be stored in a box under the bed. So what is it that drives people to collect? Psychologist Dr Maria Richter argues that urge to collect is a basic human characteristic. According to her, in the very first years of life we form emotional connections with lifeless objects such as soft toys. And these positive relationships are the starting point for our fascination with collecting objects. In fact, the desire to collect may go back further still. Scientists suggest that for some ancient humans living hundreds of thousands of years ago, collecting may have had a serious purpose. Only by collecting sufficient food supplies to last though freezing winters or dry summers could our ancestors stay alive until the weather improved. It turns out that even collecting for pleasure has a very long history. In 1925, the archaeol...

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