Recommended textbook solutions
Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology1st EditionMichelle Provost-Craig, Susan J. Hall, William C. Rose 1,678 solutions
Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology12th EditionElaine N. Marieb, Suzanne M. Keller 642 solutions Anatomy and Physiology1st EditionOpenStax 599
solutions Hole's Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology12th EditionDavid N. Shier, Jackie L. Butler, Ricki
Lewis 1,633 solutions - School
St. John's University
- Course Title
PHS 3104
- Type
Notes -
Pages 1
This preview shows page 1 out of 1 page. 1) How do receptor potentials arise in photoreceptors? Get answer to your question and much more 2) By what pathway do nerve impulses triggered
by an object in the nasal half of the visualfield of the left eye reach the primary visual area of the cortex? Get answer to your question and much more End of preview. Want to read the
entire page? Upload your study docs or become a Course Hero member to access this document Tags hair cells, primary visual area ReferencesAbrahamson E.W., Wiesenfeld J.R. (1972). The structure, spectra and reactivity of visual pigments, in: “Handbook of sensory physiology”, v. 7/1, Dartnall, H.J.A., ed., p. 69–121., Springer-Verlag, Berlin - Heidelberg - New York. Google Scholar Applebury M.L., Zuckerman D.M., Lamola A.A., Jovin T.M.
(1974).Rhodopsin. Purification and recombination with phospholipids assayed by metarhodopsin I - metarhodopsin II transition. Biochemistry 13, 3448–3458. PubMed
CrossRef CAS
Google Scholar Arden G.B. (1969). The excitation of photoreceptors, in “Progress in biophysics and molecular biology”, Butler J.A.V. and Nobel D., eds., p. 373–421, Pergamon Press, Oxford — New York. Google Scholar Arden G.B., Bridges C.D.B., Ikeda H., Siegel I.M., (1968). Mode of generation of the early receptor potential. Vision Res., 8,
3–24. CrossRef
CAS
Google Scholar Bennett N.,
Michel-Villaz M., Dupont Y., (1980). Cyanide dye measurement of a light-induced transient membrane potential associated with the metarhodopsin II intermediate in rod-outer-segment membranes, Eur. J. Biochem., III, 105–110.
Google Scholar Bolshakov V.I., Drachev A.L., Drachev L.A., Kalamkarov G.R., Kaulen A.D., Ostrovsky M.A., Skulachev V.P. (1979). Common properties of bacterial and visual rhodopsins: conversion of the light energy into the electric potential, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 249, 1462–1466 (In Russian). CAS
Google Scholar Brindley G.S., Gardner-Medvin A.R. (1966). The origin of the early receptor potential of the retina, J. Physiol., 182, 185–194. PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar Brown K.T.,
Murakami M. (1964). A new receptor potential of the monkey retina with no detectable latency. Nature, 201, 626–628. PubMed
CrossRef CAS
Google Scholar Cafiso D.S., Hubbell
W.L. (1980). Interfacial charge separation in photoreceptor membranes. Photochem, Photobiol., 32, 461–468. CrossRef
CAS
Google Scholar Cohen A.I. (1968). New evidence
supporting the linkage to extracellular space of outer segment saccules of frog cones but not rods, J. Cell Biol., 47, 424–444. CrossRef
Google Scholar
Cohen A.I. (1970). Further studies on the question of the patency of saccules in outer segments of vertebrate photoreceptors. Vision Res., 10, 445–453. PubMed CrossRef
CAS
Google Scholar Cone R.A. (1965). The early receptor potential of the vertebrate eye. Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol., 30, 483–490. PubMed
CrossRef
CAS
Google Scholar Cone R.A. (1967). Early receptor
potential: photoreversible charge displacement in rhodopsin. Science, 155, 1128–1131. PubMed
CrossRef
CAS
Google Scholar Cone R.A. (1972). Rotation diffusion of
rhodopsin in the visual receptor membrane. Nature New. Biol., 236, 39–43 PubMed CAS
Google Scholar Cone R.A., Brown P.K. (1967). Dependance of
the early receptor potential on the orientation of rhodopsin. Science, 156, 536. Google Scholar Cone R.A., Pak W.L. (1971). The early
receptor potential, in: “Handbook of sensory physiology”, v. 1. Loewenstein W.R., ed., p. 345–365, Springer-Verlag, Berlin — Heidelberg — New York. Google Scholar Debecker J., Zanen A. (1975). Intensity function of the early receptor potential and of the melanin fast
photovoltage in the human eye, Vision Res., 15, 101–106. PubMed
CrossRef
CAS
Google Scholar
Giulio L., Petrosini L. (1973). Effect of urea on the early receptorpotential, Vision Res., 13, 489–492 PubMed
CrossRef CAS Google Scholar Goldstein E.B., Wolf B.M. (1973).
Regeneration of the green-rod pigment in the isolated frog retina. Vision Res., 13, 527–534. PubMed
CrossRef CAS Google Scholar Govardovskii
V.I. (1975). On the sites of generation of the early and late receptor potentials in rods. Vision Res., 15, 971–981. Google Scholar Govardovskii V.I.
(1976). Lateral diffusion of rhodopsin within the surface membrane of rat retinal rod, Biofizika, 21, 1019–1023 (In Russian). PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar Govardovskii V.I. (1978).
The mode of generation of the early receptor and electric model of retina rod, Biofizika, 23, 514–519 (In Russian). PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar Govardovskii V.I.,
Zueva L.V. (1977). Visual pigments of chicken and pigeon. Vision Res., 17, 537–543. PubMed CrossRef CAS
Google Scholar Hagins W.A., Mc. Gaughy R.E. (1967). Molecular and
thermal origins of fast photoelectric effects in the squid retina. Science, 157, 813–816. PubMed
CrossRef
CAS
Google Scholar Hagins W.A.,
Ruppel H. (1971). Fast photoelectric effect and the properties of vertebrate photoreceptors as electric cables, Feder. Proc., 30, 64–68 CAS
Google Scholar Hodgkin A.L., O’Bryan P.M. (1977). Internal recording of the early receptor potential in turtle cones, J. Physiol., 267, 737–766. PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar Liebman P.A.
(1972). Microspectrophotometry of photoreceptors, in: Handbook of sensory physiology, v. 7/1. Dartnall, H.J.A. ed., p. 481–528, Springer-Verlag, Berlin - Heidelberg - New York. Google Scholar Liebman P.A., Entine G. (1974). Lateral diffusion of visual pigment in photoreceptor disc membranes. Nature, 247,
457–459. CrossRef
Google Scholar Moody M.F., Parriss J.R. (1961).
The discrimination of polarized light by Octopus: a behavioural and morphological study, Z. vergl. Physiol., 44, 268–291. CrossRef
Google Scholar Murakami M., Pak W.L. (1970). Intracellularly recorded early receptor potential of the vertebrate photoreceptors. Vision Res., 10, 965–976. PubMed CrossRef CAS
Google Scholar Pak W., Cone
R.A. (1964). Isolation and identification of the initial peak of the early receptor potential. Nature, 204, 836–838. PubMed
CrossRef CAS Google Scholar Pak W.L., Ebrey T.G.
(1965), Visual receptor potential observed at sub-zero temperatures. Nature, 205, 484–486. PubMed
CrossRef CAS Google Scholar Pak W.L., Rozzi V., Ebrey T.G. (1967). Effect of
changes in the chemical environment of the retina on the two components of the early receptor potential. Nature, 219, 109–110. CrossRef
Google
Scholar Poo Mu-Ming, Cone R.A. (1974). Lateral diffusion of rhodopsin in the photoreceptor membrane. Nature, 247, 438–441. CrossRef
Google Scholar Rapp J. (1979). The kinetics of
intermediate processes in the photolysis of bovine rhodopsin - II. The intermediate decaysequence from lumirhodopsin497 to metarhodopsin33o II, Vision Res., 19, 137–141. PubMed
CrossRef CAS
Google Scholar Rüppel H. (1975). Membrane structure and transduction mechanism of visual receptors, in; “Photoreceptor optics”. Snyder A.W. and Menzel R., eds. p. 499–512, Springer-Verlag, Berlin — Heidelberg — New York. CrossRef
Google Scholar V. Sengbush G., Stieve H. (1971). Flash photolysis of rhodopsin.II.
Measurements on rhodopsin digitonin solutions and fragments of rod outer segments, Ztschr. Naturforsch, 26, 861–862. Google
Scholar Smith T.G., Brown J.E. (1966). A photoelectric potential in invertebrate cells. Nature, 212, 1217–1219. CrossRef
Google Scholar Takezoe H., Yu H. (1981). Lateral diffusion of
photopigments in photoreceptor disc membrane vesicles by the dynamic Kerr effect. Biochemistry, 20, 5275–5281. PubMed
CrossRef CAS
Google Scholar Trissl H.W. (1979). Light-induced conformational changes in cattle rhodopsin as probed by measurements of the interface potential, Photochem. Photobiol., 29, 579–588. PubMed
CrossRef
CAS
Google Scholar -
Wald G., Brown P.K., Gibbons I.R. (1963). The problem of visual excitation, J. Opt. Soc. Amer., 53, 20–35. CrossRef
CAS
Google Scholar Yoshikami S., Hagins W.A. (1973). Control of the
dark current in vertebrate rods and cones, in: “Biochemistry and Physiology of Visual Pigments”, Langer H., ed., p. 245–255, Springer- Verlag, Berlin — Heidelberg — New York. CrossRef
Google Scholar
Download references
How do photoreceptors generate action potentials?
In the retina, however, photoreceptors do not exhibit action potentials; rather, light activation causes a graded change in membrane potential and a corresponding change in the rate of transmitter release onto postsynaptic neurons.
Do photoreceptors generate receptor potentials?
Photoreceptors do not fire action potentials; they respond to light changes with graded receptor potentials (depolarization or hyperpolarization). Despite this, the photoreceptors still release glutamate onto the bipolar cells.
Do rods generate receptor potentials?
In the retina of the eye, the receptor potential in the receptors, the rods and cones, causes a decreased release of a transmitter substance (a new stimulus, chemical this time) to the bipolar cells that causes them to generate a receptor potential.
How is action potential generated in the eye?
The Retina. The structure of the eye responsible for converting light waves into action potentials is the retina. The neural layer of the retina is composed of three main types of cells: the photoreceptors, the bipolar neurons and the ganglion cells.
|