 Show ·A social development approach that aims to transform the apathetic, individualistic and voiceless poor into dynamic, participatory and politically responsive community. ·A collective, participatory, transformative, liberative, sustained and systematic process of building people’s organizations by mobilizing and enhancing the capabilities and resources of the people for the resolution of their issues and concerns towards effecting change in their existing oppressive and exploitative conditions (1994 National Rural Conference) ·A process by which a community identifies its needs and objectives, develops confidence to take action in respect to them and in doing so, extends and develops cooperative and collaborative attitudes and practices in the community (Ross 1967) ·A continuous and sustained process of educating the people to understand and develop their critical awareness of their existing condition, working with the people collectively and efficiently on their immediate and long-term problems, and mobilizing the people to develop their capability and readiness to respond and take action on their immediate needs towards solving their long-term problems (CO: A manual of experience, PCPD) Importance of COPAR: 1.COPAR is an important tool for community development and people empowerment as this helps the community workers to generate community participation in development activities. 2. COPAR prepares people/clients to eventually take over the management of a development programs in the future. 3.COPAR maximizes community participation and involvement; community resources are mobilized for community services. Principles of COPAR: 1.People, especially the most oppressed, exploited and deprived sectors are open to change, have the capacity to change and are able to bring about change. 2.COPAR should be based on the interest of the poorest sectors of society 3.COPAR should lead to a self-reliant community and society. COPAR Process: ·A progressive cycle of action-reflection action which begins with small, local and concrete issues identified by the people and the evaluation and the reflection of and on the action taken by them. ·Consciousness through experimental learning central to the COPAR process because it places emphasis on learning that emerges from concrete action and which enriches succeeding action. ·COPAR is participatory and mass-based because it is primarily directed towards and biased in favor of the poor, the powerless and oppressed. ·COPAR is group-centered and not leader-oriented. Leaders are identified, emerge and are tested through action rather than appointed or selected by some external force or entity. What Do You Think?Situation 7: COPAR (Community Organizing Participatory Action Research) recognizes people's participation as a tool for community development. 31.The following statements pertain to Community Organizing, except: a. Its goal is community development b. A never-ending process once started c. Can apply for increasing awareness d. A process for increasing organization and initiating responsible action 32.Arrange the activities of community organizing as a continuous sustained process for community development. a. Organization, Education, Mobilization b. Education, Organization, Mobilization c. Organization, Mobilization, Education d. Education, Mobilization, Organization 33.Which among the following does not pertain to participatory action research? a. Problem identification involves the community or group experiencing the problem b. Method of data gathering is determined by local culture and innovativeness c. Use of research results is within the full control of the people d. It is done by an outsider utilizing technical quantitative techniques for publication use 34.Manageable units of the community to facilitate service delivery and people's participation is called the: a. Spot mapc. Core group b. Small groupd. Organizing group 35.The basic reasons why community organizers need to phase out from the community is to enable the: a. Nurse to open community organization work in other depressed communities b. People to exercise self-reliance c. People's organization to expand their coverage d. People to test their unity and strength Situation 8: Community Organization is a process wherein people in the community, health care providers and agencies in the community are brought together. 36.Which one of the following is NOT an objective of community organization? a. Learn about common problems b. Plan the kind of action needed to solve problems c. Never to act on issues presented d. Identify problems as their own 37.Which of the following is the primary principle involved in community organization a. Planning group needs b. Assembly of community leaders c. Technique in asking questions d. Defined functions in each group 38.Which basic method can determine the extent to which the basic needs are met for the health workers to bring about the adjustment between need and resources? a. Education and Interpretation b. Determination of needs c. Program formation d. Fact finding 39.As a nurse, you have gained entry in the community. Which initial step is done? a. List names of persons to contact b. Gather information from persons and records c. Arrange the first meeting d. Prepare the agenda 40.Which of the following should Nurse Dexter do if the purpose in community organizing is to integrate with the people? a. Be punctual in reporting at the Rural Health Unit (RHU) b. Live with the people c. Assign community officers d. Reside in the home of the Municipal Health Officer Situation 9: Community Assessment through Epidemiology and Vital Statistics 41.The following are steps in data processing. As a nurse, you should know its proper sequencing: 1. Data analysis3. Data presentation 2. Data collection4. Data collation a. 2, 4, 1 and 3c. 2, 4, 3, and 1 b. 2, 3, 4 and 1d. 2, 3, 1, and 4 42.Major factors affecting population include the following, except: a. Birthsc. Migration b. Mortalityd. Morbidity 43.Which of the following patterns is intermittent and confined to a certain geographical area or locality? a. Sporadicc. Epidemic b. Endemicd. Pandemic 44.The town of Templar has a population of 70,000 as of July 1, 2008 (midyear) as per calendar year 2008 (January to December) 500 died. Which formula below should be used to compute the crude death rate? a. 70,000 / 70,000 x 1,000 b. 500 / 70,000 x 100 c. 70,000 / 500 x 1,000 d. 500 / 70,000 x 1,000 45.Incidence rate means new cases as percent of population and prevalence rate means cases in a given period of time as percent of population. Which formula below is a prevalence rate? a. Number of cases of a specific disease / 1,000 estimated population x 100 b. Total number of cases of a disease (old + new) / 1,000 estimated population at the time x 100 c. Number of cases of a specific disease during a specific time / Estimated population exposed to that disease during that time x 10 d. Total number of cases of a disease (old + new) at a given time / Estimated population at the time x 100 Situation 10: The Department of Health (DOH) is the lead administrative agency governing the health sector in the Philippines. 46.The vision of the Department of Health is: a. Health for all Filipinos b. Health in the hands of the people by the year 2020 c. The leader, staunch advocate and model in promoting Health for All in the Philippines d. Guarantee equitable, sustainable and quality health for all Filipinos, especially the poor and shall lead the quest for excellence in health 47.The goal of the DOH is Health Sector Reform Agenda (HSRA), with the National Objectives for Health (NOH) serving as the road map for all stakeholders in health. All of the following are reasons for health sector reform, except: a. Slowing down in the reduction of both Infant and Maternal Mortality Rates b. Rising and high burden from chronic, degenerative diseases and infectious diseases, respectively c. Unattended emerging health risks from environmental and work related factors d. Burden of disease is heaviest on the affluent 48.Which among the following is not considered as a specific role of the DOH based on Executive Order 102? a. Leader in health b. Reformist for health development c. Enabler and capacity builder d. Administrator of specific services 49.The Health Sector Reform Agenda (HSRA) utilizes FOURmula ONE for Health as its framework having four components such as health financing, health regulation, health service delivery and good governance. Which of the following is not included in the goals of this framework? a. Better health outcomes b. More responsive health systems c. Streamlining health system bureaucracy d. Equitable health care financing 50.The following are included in the 8 Millennium Development Goals that are based on the fundamental values of freedom, equality, solidarity, tolerance, health, respect for nature, and shared responsibility. Which is not health related? a. Eradicate extreme poverty b. Promote gender equality and empower women c. Improve maternal health d. Ensure environmental sustainability Situation 11: For over forty years after post war independence, the Philippine health care system was administered by a central agency based in Manila. This control agency provided the singular sources of resources, policy direction, technical and administrative supervision to all health facilities nationwide. However, a major shift took place in 1991 with the passage of the Local Government Code. 51.The passage of the Local Government Code of 1991 devolved all structures, personnel, budgetary allocations from national government to local government units. This devolution law is: a. R.A. 7160 c. LOI 949 b. R.A. 7610d. EO 102 52.Devolution made local government executives responsible to operate local health services. The legitimate body in the LGU which is in-charge for the operations of health services is known as: a. Center for Community Health Development b. The Philippine Department of Health c. Local Health Board d. Bantay Kalusugan 53.In the local health system, clustering of municipalities through complementation of stakeholders is done to reintegrate hospital and public health service for a holistic delivery of health services resulted in the creation of: a. Community Health Watch b. Inter Local Health Zone c. Philippine Health Insurance Corporation d. Non-Government Organization 54.The four components of ILHZ include people, boundaries, health facilities, and health workers. In terms of population, how many people should ideally represent a health district/ a. less than 5,000c. 50,000 to 100,000 b. 5,000 to 50,000d. 100,000 to 500,000 55.Each center controls a portion of health care system as part of its political and administrative mandate. Which one operates the Rural Health Unit? a. National Government b. Provincial Government c. Municipal government d. Barangay Government Situation 12: Environmental health is a branch of public health that deals with the study of preventing illnesses by managing the environment and changing people's behavior to reduce exposure to biological and non-biological agents of disease and injury. 56.Which of the following is responsible for the promotion of health environmental conditions and prevention of environmental related diseases? a. Environmental and Occupational Health Office (EOHO) b. Environmental Sanitation Code of the Philippines c. Center for Health and Development d. Rural Health and Sanitary Office 57. A protected well or a developed spring with an outlet but without a distribution system is known as: a. Point Source b. Communal Faucet c. Stand Post d. Waterworks System 58.Pour flush toilet and aqua privies are classified under which level of approved toilet facilities? a. Level Ic. Level III b. Level II d. Level IV 59.The four rights in food safety include the following, except: a. Right sourcec. Right preparation b. Right handlingd. Right cooking 60.Which among the following is an important requirement for registration and renewal of licenses of newly constructed and existing hospitals? a. Hospital waste management program b. Municipal refuse disposal system c. Incineration system of hazardous hospital wastes d. Disinfection treatment to prevent transmission of diseases What is the concept of Copar?Definition. COPAR stands for Community Organizing Participatory Action Research. A social development approach that aims to transform the apathetic, individualistic and voiceless poor into dynamic, participatory and politically responsive community.
What are the 3 principles of Copar?These principles include (1) democratization of knowledge production and use; (2) concern toward society and nature; (3) acknowledgement that people has the capacity to reflect, learn, and change; and (4) commitment to nonviolent social change.
What is community organizing in community health nursing?The Community Organization Model is a participatory decision-making process that empowers communities to improve health. It emphasizes active participation from the community in identifying key health issues and strategies to address them.
What is entry phase?In the entry phase the research project is strenghend and then finalised. Usually this is a time, where an intensive exchange between doctoral candidate and supervisor takes place. The public presentation of the research project is the first milestone in the doctoral process.
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