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Signed in but can't access contentOxford Academic is home to a wide variety of products. The institutional subscription may not cover the content that you are trying to access. If you believe you should have access to that content, please contact your librarian. Institutional account managementFor librarians and administrators, your personal account also provides access to institutional account management. Here you will find options to view and activate subscriptions, manage institutional settings and access options, access usage statistics, and more. We send information on attitude toward person (facing or leaning towards another), emotional statue (tapping fingers, jiggling coins), and desire to control the environment (moving towards or away from a person). More than 700,000 possible motions we can make — so impossible to categorize them all! But just need to be aware the body movement and
position is a key ingredient in sending messages. Consider the following actions and note cultural differences:
Impossible to catalog them all. But need to recognize: 1) incredible possibility and variety and 2) that an acceptable in one’s own culture may be offensive in another. In addition, amount of gesturing varies from culture to culture. Some cultures are animated; other restrained. Restrained cultures often feel animated cultures lack manners and overall restraint. Animated cultures often feel restrained cultures lack emotion or interest. Even simple things like using hands to point and count differ. Pointing : US with index finger; Germany with little finger; Japanese with entire hand (in fact most Asians consider pointing with index finger to be rude) Counting: Thumb = 1 in Germany, 5 in Japan, middle finger for 1 in Indonesia. While some say that facial expressions are identical, meaning attached to them differs. Majority opinion is that these do have similar meanings world-wide with respect to smiling, crying, or showing anger, sorrow, or disgust. However, the intensity varies from culture to culture. Note the following:
In USA, eye contact indicates: degree of attention or interest, influences attitude change or persuasion, regulates interaction, communicates emotion, defines power and status, and has a central role in managing impressions of others.
Question: Why do we touch, where do we touch,
and what meanings do we assign when someone else touches us?
What is the problem? Traditional Korean (and many other Asian countries) don’t touch strangers., especially between members of the opposite sex. But the African-American sees this as another example of discrimination (not touching him because he is black). Basic answer: Touch is culturally determined! But each culture has a clear concept of what parts of the body one may not touch. Basic message of touch is to affect or control — protect, support, disapprove (i.e. hug, kiss, hit, kick).
Basic patterns: Cultures (English , German, Scandinavian, Chinese, Japanese) with high emotional restraint concepts have little public touch; those which encourage emotion (Latino, Middle-East, Jewish) accept frequent touches.
What are 3 nonverbal immediacy behaviors?Instructional immediacy is behavior that brings the instructor and the students closer together in terms of perceived distance. Non-verbal immediacy includes behaviors such as smiling, gesturing, eye contact and having relaxed body language.
What are cultural factors that affect nonTop 8 Cultural Differences in Nonverbal Communication. Eye Contact.. Touch.. Gestures.. Physical Distance.. Facial Expressions.. Appearance.. Posture.. Paralanguage.. What is nonverbal immediacy?We define non-verbal immediacy as the ensemble of non-verbal communicative behaviors that reflect psychological availability, communicate affiliation and preference, and result in perceived interpersonal closeness (Mehrabian, 1968; Burgoon et al., 1984).
What are some examples of cultural differences in nonverbal communication?Cultural Differences in Non-verbal Communication. Bowing (not done, criticized, or affected in US; shows rank in Japan). Slouching (rude in most Northern European areas). Hands in pocket (disrespectful in Turkey). Sitting with legs crossed (offensive in Ghana, Turkey). Showing soles of feet.. |