What is the perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself?

Perception that one is less well off than others with whom one comparesoneself•Explains why happiness tends to be lower and crime rateshigher in communities and nations with large income inequalityoSocial learning theory-We learn social behavior by observing and imitating and bybeing rewarded and punished (Bandura)oFamily(how they punish children, presence of father)oCultureoCatharsisTheory: Freud Psychoanalytic theoryoMore than just "blowing off steam", or "getting it out of your system"oAggression can be reduced byPerforming an aggressive actWatching others engage in aggressive behaviorEngage in fantasy aggressionoMany studies suggests that this is actually increases aggression, rather thandecreasing it•Biological Factors that influence aggression (3)1.Physical pain2.Other bodily discomforts•Heat, humidity, air pollution, offensive odors1.Arousal•A given state of bodily arousal feeds one emotion of another.•Schacter and Singer's Two Factor theory of emotion study•Social Factors that influence aggression (3)1.Pornography and Sexual Violence•increases acceptance of the rape myth•decrease attraction for ones partner•increase acceptance of extramarital sex and of women's sexual submission tomen•increase men's perceiving women in sexual terms1.Television•Arousal levels•Desensitization to violence•Imitation1.Video Games

•increase arousal•increase aggressive thinking•increase aggressive feelings•increase aggressive behaviors•decrease pro-social behaviorsAttraction•Terms to knowoSecure-Best potential relationshipsoAvoidant-Suppress relationships needs, trouble developing intimate relationshipsoAnxious/Ambivalent-Concern that the partner will not reciprocate the desire forintimacyoSelf-Disclosure-Revealing intimate aspects of oneself to othersoDisclosure reciprocity-Reciprocating same level of disclosure as your partneroMere exposure effect–Increased exposure leads to increased likingoHalo effect-Tendency to believe that physically attractive people possess other goodqualities•Theories to knowoSocial Exchange Theory•feelings about relationships determined by•Rewards- costs of Outcome•Expectations [comparison level ] ofSatisfaction•Chances for a better alternative relationship [comparison level foralternatives]•i.e. Likelihood of stayingoEquity Theory•Good relationship occurs when•Person A's rewards - costs = Person B's rewards - costsoSternberg‘s Triangular Theory of Love•Three components of love•Intimacy•Passion•Commitment•Three components creates seven types of love relationships

••Factors that lead to attraction (4)1.ProximityoPropinquity effect–Increased interaction leads to increased probability offriendshipoMere exposure effect–Increased exposure leads to increased liking1.

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