What forms of data can you use to measure the effectiveness of teaching and learning?

At the end of a school year, there are so many measurements which could indicate that a teacher was "effective" -- graduation rates, grades, test scores -- quantifiable and ostensibly objective. Whether a teacher was effective must definitely be measured by how much his/her students' learning increased over a period of time, but it can not be the only measurement.

This year, I have a simple formula to categorize an effective teacher, based on a very raw maternal assessment, but perhaps that's the best kind. I know without a doubt that my son had a very effective first grade teacher at his Oakland public school this year. And I have the evidence. Here it is:

#1. The "data" overflows from two paper shopping bags and demonstrates his learning over the year. An array of writing shows how in the beginning of September, he couldn't really write a sentence, but by February, he was writing paragraphs. His math assessments show increasing mastery of skills and concepts. But most importantly, he can sort through the piles and recognize his own growth and talk about his process of learning. My takeaway: The student of an effective teacher has documentation of learning over a course of time and can explain it.

#2. A secondary pile of data took the form of creative and artistic projects that his teacher integrated into content areas, especially into their study of science. This spring, they did an intensive project on the seashore and used a variety of materials to create all kinds of creatures and representations. They wrote in a half a dozen genres (poetry, short stories, and expository) and conducted experiments. But in the bags there was more evidence of this learning: a cardboard loom with a yarn weaving, a batik, ink prints, handmade paper, watercolor paintings, handmade books, a paper mache globe, and a series of haikus. In summary: An effective teacher integrates the arts into content areas and gives students experiences with a range of media.

#3. All this concrete evidence is good, and then there was this, on the second day of summer vacation: "I'm kind of glad it's vacation and kind of not because I already miss my friends and I'm really going to miss Ms. ____." This statement was not an anomaly to how he spoke about his teacher this year. Consistently, his feelings about her were positive -- and I knew the feeling was mutual. As both a mother and teacher, this is an equally important measurement of effectiveness: An effective teacher likes her students and her students like her.

Big surprise! I knew all of this already! During my 12 years teaching, I worked to develop my capacity at ensuring that my students could cite their growth in learning, I integrated the arts and met different learning styles, and I always liked my kids. Yet this year, I came to value the qualities of an effective teacher in a different way than I have before because this was the first year that my son had a truly fantastic teacher and I felt constantly grateful. It's such a different (and scary) experience being on this side of the education equation -- the side where it's your baby that you're sending off to a stranger everyday.

Valuing Qualitative Data

The question that's burning in my mind at the end of this year is how we, as parents and teachers, can continue insisting that these other qualities be valued as much as testing data. They're hard to measure and tedious to gather the indicators, but we could start with inviting children to share their feelings and reflections more often.

Here's what my son just blurted out when I asked him why Ms. ____ is a good teacher:

"She's a good teacher because she takes us on really fun field trips, she had fun projects that we did, she sang the silly birthday song to me, she taught me a little bit of multiplication, she gave me challenging work, she taught me interesting stuff that I had never known before, she taught me how to read fluently, and she read me great stories."

If in one quick response a seven-year-old can cite engagement, kindness, and community building, rigor and high expectations, skill development and relevancy as indicators of an effective teacher, then imagine what kids might say if we gave more of them a chance to share their assessments of their teachers on a regular basis. That data would speak volumes.

And, I just discovered, such an endeavor is planned in the Memphis, Tennessee schools where student feedback will constitute 5 percent of a teacher's evaluation. If it's done well, I'll be a big fan.

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  4. >Measuring Teacher Effectiveness

Measuring Teacher Effectiveness

A Resource for Teachers, Administrators, Policymakers, and Parents

Many personal, family, and neighborhood factors contribute to a student's academic performance, but a large body of research suggests that, among school-related factors, teachers matter most. What's less clear, however, is how to measure an individual teacher's effectiveness.

It's a complex topic, and there are many factors that should be considered. RAND Education and Labor has applied its expertise to this and nearly every other aspect of the education system for more than three decades. This site is for teachers, administrators, policymakers, parents, and anyone else seeking objective, nonpartisan information on measuring teaching effectiveness.

These fact sheets are intended to provide accessible summaries of topics related to measuring teacher effectiveness. Readers who are interested in a more complete treatment of a given topic should refer to the “related readings” list at the end of each fact sheet.

Explore the Measuring Teacher Effectiveness Fact Sheet Series

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  • What forms of data can you use to measure the effectiveness of teaching and learning?

    Understanding Teachers' Impact on Student Achievement

    People often emphasize the importance of good teachers, and many local, state, and federal policies are designed to promote teacher quality. Research using student scores on standardized tests confirms the common perception that some teachers are more effective at improving student test scores than others.

  • What forms of data can you use to measure the effectiveness of teaching and learning?

    Value-Added Modeling 101

    Value-added models, or VAMs, attempt to measure a teacher's impact on student achievement apart from other factors, such as individual ability, family environment, past schooling, and the influence of peers.

  • What forms of data can you use to measure the effectiveness of teaching and learning?

    Student Growth Percentiles 101

    Student growth percentiles, or SGPs, provide a simple way of comparing the improvement of one teacher's students at the end of the year with the improvement of other students who started the year at the same level.

  • What forms of data can you use to measure the effectiveness of teaching and learning?

    Understanding How Teachers Influence Students They Do Not Teach

    Research suggests that teachers matter most among school-related resources when it comes to student achievement. While most of the research on teacher effectiveness examines how teachers affect their own students, other studies suggest that this focus may be too narrow.

  • What forms of data can you use to measure the effectiveness of teaching and learning?

    Measuring Teacher Effectiveness

    Research has validated the widespread belief that effective teaching matters. But what does effective teaching look like? And how can we measure it? Education practitioners, policymakers, and researchers have suggested a wide range of methods. Many of these have been incorporated into teacher feedback and evaluation systems.

  • What forms of data can you use to measure the effectiveness of teaching and learning?

    Stakeholder Feedback Surveys

    Growing numbers of districts and states rely on surveys to gather input from education stakeholders, such as students, families, or school staff (including teachers). These surveys sometimes supplement other measures of teaching effectiveness or are included alongside these measures as part of a comprehensive teacher-evaluation model.

  • What forms of data can you use to measure the effectiveness of teaching and learning?

    How Teachers Affect Outcomes Other than Test Scores

    Teachers’ effectiveness is often measured by their ability to improve student standardized achievement test scores in core academic subjects, such as math and reading. However, research points to the importance of social and emotional skills, such as collaboration and self-regulation, in student well-being and success both in and outside of the classroom.

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How do you measure the effectiveness of teaching?

Three methods are used most widely in the United States. The three most widely used measures in the United States are structured classroom observations, teacher contributions to student achievement growth, and student perceptions of teacher effectiveness and classroom instructional climate.

Which type of measurement is used in teaching/learning process?

Formative assessments can be used to measure student learning on a daily, ongoing basis. These assessments reveal how and what students are learning during the course and often inform next steps in teaching and learning.

How do you measure impact of teaching and learning?

Evaluate the impact of your teaching.
Understand assessment design. ... .
Assess the knowledge and understanding of your students. ... .
Assess the capabilities and skills of your students. ... .
Assess the attitudes, motivations and dispositions of your students. ... .
How to interpret assessment data..

What assessment tools are used to measure effective learning?

Assessment tools aid in assessing and evaluating student learning and can provide different options to assess students beyond the traditional exam. Several tools are available including grading rubrics , Canvas Assignments , plagiarism detection, self-assessment, and peer assessment, surveys, and classroom polling.