What are some examples of vulnerable populations in cognitive Psychology

24.6.3 Safety Aspects in Clinical Trials With MSCs

In the vulnerable population of kidney transplant recipients, patient safety and prevention of adverse (immune) reactions is essential. Since transplant recipients have already an increased risk of (opportunistic) infections and malignancies due to the concomitant immunotherapy, it is very difficult to determine the additional risk of MSC infusions. Clinical studies should be performed under ethically approved protocols and serious adverse events (SAEs) and suspected unexpected serious adverse reactions (SUSARs) should be carefully recorded and reported to the proper authorities. Important potential risks in renal transplant recipients include direct toxicity of the MSC infusion, malignancies, and risks for over immune suppression and immunogenicity, as also extensively reviewed elsewhere.12,78

Summary

For nutritionally vulnerable populations, including the poor, the very young, the very old, pregnant women, and those suffering from chronic diseases, eggs are an affordable nutrient-dense source of high-quality protein important for maintaining health and facilitating recovery. Pregnancy is an especially important time to optimize the intake of high-quality protein and other essential nutrients to reduce the risk of low birth weight and the associated development of chronic diseases and other health problems during the infant's adult life. Eggs also serve as an important dietary source of choline during pregnancy and lactation, providing the fetus and newborn with choline for brain development. In addition, eggs provide a satiety effect, which, in view of the global problem of obesity, can be a valuable addition to weight-loss and weight-maintenance programs. For various populations, from infants to the aged, there are a multitude of health reasons to include nutrient-dense eggs as part of the diet, and for many of these groups it is economically feasible.

The high-quality protein, many nutritional components, low caloric content, affordability, blandness, ease of digestibility, and satiety response all make eggs ideal for inclusion in the diet at all ages, from very young to very old, and in times of both health and convalescence.

Summary

For nutritionally vulnerable populations including the poor, the very young, the very old, pregnant women, and those suffering from chronic diseases, eggs are an affordable, nutrient-dense source of high-quality protein important for maintaining health and facilitating recovery. Pregnancy is an especially important time to optimize intake of high-quality protein as well as other essential nutrients to reduce the risk of low birth weight and the associated development of chronic diseases and other health problems during the future adult years of the infant. Eggs also serve as an important dietary source of choline during pregnancy and lactation to provide choline to the fetus and newborn for brain development. In addition, eggs provide a satiety effect which, in view of the global problem of obesity, can be a valuable addition to weight-loss and weight-maintenance programs. For these various populations, from infant to aged, there are a multitude of health reasons to include nutrient-dense eggs as part of the diet, and for many of these groups it can be economically feasible.

The high-quality protein, many nutritional components, low caloric content, affordability, blandness, ease of digestibility, and satiety response are all characteristics that make eggs ideal for inclusion in the diet across the lifespan, from very young to very old, and under all conditions, health or convalescence. As noted in the Dietary Guidelines 2010, “Independent of other dietary factors, evidence suggests that one egg (i.e., egg yolk) per day does not result in increased blood cholesterol levels, nor does it increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in healthy people.”

Abstract

Although people in vulnerable populations, such as children and elderly females, are at a greater risk of injury in automotive crashes than middle-aged and midsized occupants, automotive safety designs are based on current crash-test dummies of limited number of shapes and sizes that do not adequately represent such vulnerable populations. Computational models that represent age- and gender-dependent changes in impact responses are necessary. To close the gap between injuries for which current safety testing is aimed at and the actual injuries suffered by children and elderly females who have been insufficiently protected, CHARMs (The Collaborative Human Advanced Research Models) have been developed to represent a 10-year-old child and a 70-year-old female. In this chapter, we introduce the development of CHARM-10 and CHARM-70F models as examples to show the general procedures and specific challenges of developing FE models of vulnerable subjects.

First, anthropometric investigation is performed with geometric and compositional datasets to ensure the model is a good representative of the target population. Second, multiblock meshing strategies are adopted to obtain good mesh quality and flexibility for changing mesh densities. Finally, component and whole-body validations are performed against different loading conditions to finalize material constitutive parameters and to assess the biofidelity of the model.

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What are vulnerable groups in psychology?

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