Direct and Indirect Instruction Definitions and Examples
Direct Instruction:Instruction in which the Instructor is actively engaging with the students. These items are instructor led.
Classroom Setting:
Question and Answer
Discussion over reading assignments
Lecture
Demonstrations
Presenting a video
Laboratory:
Question and Answer
about the lab
Demonstration of lab techniques and experiments
Independent Study:
Could utilize information from the Traditional and/or Online instructional methods
Direct instruction in online learning is satisfied by several means which can include, but is not limited to, instructors providing the following:
- Announcements
- Module/Unit introductions
- Descriptions/modeling of assignments and learning activities
- Written or video lectures
- Demonstration videos
- Presentations
- Discussions moderated by instructors
- Interactive tutorials
- Video conferencing
- Academic feedback
Instruction in which the student is using tools they have learned to complete an assignment, paper or project. This could also be reading of text or journal articles related to course content.
Classroom Setting:
Chapter Reading
Article Reading
Interpretation of Data
Completing a course paper, project or presentation
Laboratory:
Completion of questions regarding lab
Independent Study:
Could utilize information from the online and traditional delivery methods
Indirect instruction in online learning is satisfied by several means which can include, but is not limited to, the students doing the following:
- Completion of readings
- Completion of projects, papers, and presentations
- Interacting with peers in online discussions
- Interpretation of data
- Virtual study groups
- Group projects
- Simulations
Sezin Sevimli on June 25, 2021 The indirect method is a student-oriented education method. In this method, the teacher gives the necessary materials to the students rather than offering a live lesson in the classroom environment. The indirect method provides the student with problem-solving, decision-making, and detailed thinking skills. In addition, it expects
students to have high observation and research skills. The teacher’s role in this method is more of a facilitator than a lecturer or a teacher. Indirect teaching is intertwined with constructivism, the philosophical view that argues people learn better and more from their own experiences. We can find several other topics and methods under indirect teaching, but the topics I want to mention today are divided into two; the discussion method and the heuristic method. The purpose of the discussion method is to provide a collaborative exchange of ideas and to develop an understanding of new ideas in a safe environment. photo by
ozeldersalani “Discussion, because it is an activity, engages the student’s mind more than do lectures. Instead of passively hearing the professor’s thoughts, the student engaged in dialogue is required to work his own mind, to form and express his own thoughts.” The heuristic method is a method used to combine several specific strategies to make the problem-solving phase easier. Problem-solving is a method that can work in all areas of human life. It informs students about what to do in certain situations and prepares them for future real-life situations. In this process, the teacher offers suggestions rather than answers, recommends multiple problem-solving skills, and expects students to choose the most suitable one for them.
It gives students a certain amount of time to work on heuristics and strategies. It encourages students to be bolder and think differently. It also strives to involve shy and low-speaking students in this process. Finally, it informs students that this process can be challenging but that they will eventually achieve what they want. The problem-solving method is divided into two in itself: Discovery and Inquiry. “Practice in discovering for oneself teaches one to acquire information in a way that makes that information more readily viable in problem solving” photo by
canterburyps Discovery learning aims for the students to act according to their own experiences and desires and reach information. Consequently, the student willingly proceeds through the learning process while using the scientific method of
investigation. The learning process should be supervised and planned by the teacher. Unlike discovery learning, inquiry learning is a learning process that focuses on examining the problem. In inquiry learning, it is focused more on the process it’s reached than on reaching the correct result. It doesn’t have a specific pattern because it is acknowledged that every student can follow a different path in inquiry learning. Inquiry learning is divided into three. Systematic problem solving is a problem-solving method consisting of 12 different stages. The steps include investigating the problem, generating new ideas, designing new proposals, and producing solutions to achieve results. You can see the steps below: Aurangzeb, M. (2017, September 22). Discussion
method. Slide Share. //www.slideshare.net/muhammadaurangzeb/discussion-method-81061353 Moore, K. D. (2009). Effective Instructional Strategies: From Theory to Practice (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Renard, L. (2019, March 28). Direct instruction – A practical guide to effective teaching. Book Widgets
– Interactive Learning. //www.bookwidgets.com/blog/2019/03/direct-instruction-a-practical-guide-to-effective-teaching Indirect Instruction. (n.d.). Top Hat. //tophat.com/glossary/i/indirect-instruction/What is the indirect teaching method?
DISCUSSION
METHOD
Characteristics of the discussion method
by John W. Neumayr, Ph.DAdvantages of the discussion method
photo
by multiBriefsDisadvantages of the discussion method
Click for more information about the discussion method
HEURISTIC METHOD
The teaching process should be directed in an active and self-directed manner. We can classify the four approaches of the Heuristic Method as
followed;
→problem-solving
→discovery learning
→inquiry learning
→systematic problem-solving.Problem Solving
A) Discovery Learning
B) Inquiry Learning
Who identifies the problem?
Guided Inquiry
Teacher
Modified Inquiry
Teacher
Open Inquiry
Student
Systematic Problem Solving
• 2. brainstorming
• 3. researching and generating ideas
• 4. identifying criteria and
specifying constraints
• 5. exploring possibilities
• 6. selecting an approach
• 7. developing a design proposal
• 8. making a model or prototype
• 9. testing and evaluating the design using specifications
• 10. refining the design
• 11. creating or making the solution
• 12. communicating the processes and resultsTo get further detail, check these pages too!
REFERENCES