Ainsworth, M. D. S. (1978). Patterns of attachment: a psychological study of the strange situation. Hillsdale, N.J. : New York, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Show Ainsworth, Mary D. Salter. 1978. Patterns of Attachment: A Psychological Study of the Strange Situation. Hillsdale, N.J. : New York, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Chicago / Turabian - Humanities Citation (style guide)Ainsworth, Mary D. Salter, Patterns of Attachment: A Psychological Study of the Strange Situation. Hillsdale, N.J. : New York, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1978. MLA Citation (style guide)Ainsworth, Mary D. Salter. Patterns of Attachment: A Psychological Study of the Strange Situation. Hillsdale, N.J. : New York, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1978. Note! Citation formats are based on standards as of July 2022. Citations contain only title, author, edition, publisher, and year published. Citations should be used as a guideline and should be double checked for accuracy. Ethological attachment theory is a landmark of 20th century social and behavioral sciences theory and research. This new paradigm for understanding primary relationships across the lifespan evolved from John Bowlby's critique of psychoanalytic drive theory and his own clinical observations, supplemented by his knowledge of fields as diverse as primate ethology, control systems theory, and cognitive psychology. By the time he had written the first volume of his classic Attachment and Loss trilogy, Mary D. Salter Ainsworth's naturalistic observations in Uganda and Baltimore, and her theoretical and descriptive insights about maternal care and the secure base phenomenon had become integral to attachment theory.Patterns of Attachment reports the methods and key results of Ainsworth's landmark Baltimore Longitudinal Study. Following upon her naturalistic home observations in Uganda, the Baltimore project yielded a wealth of enduring, benchmark results on the nature of the child's tie to its primary caregiver and the importance of early experience. It also addressed a wide range of conceptual and methodological issues common to many developmental and longitudinal projects, especially issues of age appropriate assessment, quantifying behavior, and comprehending individual differences. In addition, Ainsworth and her students broke new ground, clarifying and defining new concepts, demonstrating the value of the ethological methods and insights about behavior.Today, as we enter the fourth generation of attachment study, we have a rich and growing catalogue of behavioral and narrative approaches to measuring attachment from infancy to adulthood. Each of them has roots in the Strange Situation and the secure base concept presented in Patterns of Attachment. It inclusion in the Psychology Press Classic Editions series reflects Patterns of Attachment's continuing significance and insures its availability to new generations of students, researchers, and cliniciansDivision of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH Disclosure: The author declares no conflict of interest. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics 37(6):p 519, July/August 2016. | DOI: 10.1097/DBP.0000000000000286
This is the classic edition of an influential psychological study performed and written by nationally recognized expert and her associates that has revolutionized the current knowledge of attachment behavior. It would be impossible for developmental psychologists to not have come across Ainsworth's contribution to Bowlby-Ainsworth developmental attachment theory. The purpose of this volume is to educate and deepen understanding of researchers, primary and allied heath care providers, and trainees through reporting methods and key results of Mary Ainsworth's landmark Baltimore longitudinal study from observation of infant-mother interaction and attachment behavior. In addition to 1978 edition, this book features new information on the 4 caregiving and interaction scales developed by Mary Ainsworth from observations of 9-month-old to 12-month-old infants making them easily accessible to interested individuals. The Baltimore project beautifully illustrated the nature of the child's relationship to his or her primary caregiver and emphasized the importance of early experience. In a meticulous yet succinct volume, the authors provide a comprehensive resource to researchers and practitioners that addresses available research studies that have used the Strange-Situation Procedure (SSP). The logic, flow, and comprehensive coverage of chapters with great analogies used to demonstrate theoretical background enable readers, even those who are beginners to attachment theory, to build a foundation in attachment theory, viewed as a secure base relationship. The SSP is described as a laboratory-based unfamiliar situation used to observe the child's response to his/her mother's and stranger's behaviors. Children's behaviors are then organized and grouped into classificatory system. Normative patterns of behavior linked to different social situations, types of statistical analyses used, and the reasoning behind these decisions are further explained. Individual differences are also addressed in detail. Review of other studies that had conducted SSP to address various variables such as neonatal separation, twins versus singletons, demographics, low birth weight, maternal attitudes and mother-infant interaction, and working versus nonworking mothers provide broader understanding of the ways patterns of attachment may or may not differ in these populations. These findings would also be of interest for infant and developmental psychologists, early childhood education specialists, primary care and developmental-behavioral pediatricians, family therapists, social workers with counseling roles, and early intervention in-home specialists/therapists. Readers, especially researchers and practitioners, will appreciate wide-ranging components, including instruction to the mother, coding instruction, scoring systems, and maternal caregiving and interaction scales. This volume contains clear tables of quantitative research findings and perfect illustration of the Strange Situation. The gaps in this otherwise outstanding volume are due to the authors' decision to focus on their main samples and review of studies that directly addressed one-year-olds and preschoolers. Undoubtedly, this innovative work has had a significant impact on prevention and intervention beyond the scope of what could be included in this volume. An additional section on clinical implication and a review of how patterns of attachment apply to adopted children would have improved clinical utility. In conclusion, Ainsworth and team have provided an excellent framework describing attachment theory and how attachment behaviors are quantitatively measured through SSP. This is a “must have” for pediatricians, psychologists, social workers, and in-home therapists whose clinical care and research focuses on early childhood development, particularly social development. This book will also be of special interest to trainees, residents, fellows, and graduate students from various professional disciplines who will gain a deeper appreciation of attachment patterns, which can influence clinical encounters with young children and enhance the way care is provided in lieu of the importance of attachment figure and the child's interaction with that attachment figure. Which psychologist studied attachment in the Strange Situation study?Mary Ainsworth was a developmental psychologist who conducted groundbreaking research on attachment theory. She is best known for her "strange situation" experiment, which helped identify the different types of attachment between children and their caregivers.
How does the Strange Situation relate to attachment theory?The Strange Situation | Attachment Styles
The strange situation is a standardized procedure devised by Mary Ainsworth in the 1970s to observe attachment security in children within the context of caregiver relationships. It applies to infants between the age of nine and 18 months.
What were the three main attachment types classified through the Strange Situation experiment?International studies of the Strange Situation
In studies recognizing three attachment classifications (secure, avoidant-insecure, and resistant-insecure), about 21% of American infants have been classified as avoidant-insecure, 65% as secure, and 14% as resistant-insecure.
What are the types of attachment in Ainsworth's Strange Situation '?Ainsworth's Strange Situation (1970) used structured observational research to assess & measure the quality of attachment. It has 8 pre-determined stages, including the mother leaving the child, for a short while, to play with available toys in the presence of a stranger & alone and the mother returning to the child.
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