How many arrangements does the letter keyboard have?

How many arrangements does the letter keyboard have?
                Computers have changed our lifestyle. We are in a digital world now. The word writing will soon be replaced with the word typing. Most of us use a Computer daily and obviously use the KEYBOARD for typing. In this post I am going to tell you some facts about the arrangement of LETTERS on the KEYBOARD.

                  Everytime I see my keyboard, a question comes into my mind why are the keys not arranged in the alphabetical order? Have you ever wondered why the letters on your keyboard are not arranged in alphabetical order?? Why are they MIXED up like this? Is there any reason behind this? Is it to make the TYPIST more comfortable while typing?? Come, lets check out why are they so.



               The modern keyboard called by the name QWERTY, has the LETTERS arranged in the same order as that of a TYPEWRITER. The name QWERTY comes from the first 6 letters of the keyboard. Lets see who made this layout and why didnt they arrange them in the alphabetical order.

                The "WRITING MACHINE" ( the name with which the machine was patented) was invented by Christopher in early 1870's and he patented it in the year 1867. The first WRITING MACHINE had only two rows and the letters were arranged in alphabetical order with numbers from 2 to 9. O and I were used for the numbers 1 and 0.          
           
                                                   

- 3 5 7 9 N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
 2 4 6 8 . A B C D E F G H I J K L M  

              The arrangement of the letters were then changed because of some problems. The early WRITING MACHINE was a completely MECHANICAL machine consisting of LEVERS and Metal Indenters which stroked on the INK RIBBON t make an impression on the paper. As there were so many levers in the machine there was a problem of JAMMING. The levers got jammed when letters placed near by were typed successively. To avoid this problem, the letter pairs like 'st', 'th' which are used most frequently were placed apart. Placing them apart gave sufficient time for the LEVERS to come back to their original position. The new layout was actually designed to SLOW DOWN TYPISTS and avoid the problem of jamming.

                     Sholes tried hard for next five years to perfect his invention and made many arrangements to the original layout which was in alphabetical order. Sholes did the rearrangement based on his research on LETTER-PAIR FREQUENCY. This new arrangement had 4 rows of keys as shown below moving all the 6 vowels A, E, I, O, U and Y ( Y is also considered as a vowel when there are no other vowels in a word).

  2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 -
    A E I . ? Y U O ,
B C D F G H J K L M
Z X W V T S R Q P N


                   In 1873, the manufacturing rights of the machine was sold to E.Remmington and Sons. The company again arranged the LETTERS. There is an interesting fact here. Try typing the word "TYPEWRITER". Did you notice something? All the letters you typed are in the FIRST ROW of your keyboard. The BRAND NAME of the machine was TYPEWRITER and it is said that the company wanted the letters of their brand name on the TOP. This layout is still being used as it has become a standard all around the world.

                   The SHIFT key was introduced in the 1878 version of the TYPEWRITER to shift between upper and lower case of the Alphabets. In modern keyboard we have so many keys additional to that found in the Typewriter.

                  This is how the layout of the Keys in the KEYBOARD evolved. Hope I have erased a question from your mind about the keys on your keyboard. Please see my other FACTS too. Thank you :)

             

The QWERTY (pronounced KWEHR-tee ) keyboard is the standard typewriter and computer keyboard in countries that use a Latin-based alphabet. QWERTY refers to the first six letters on the upper row of the keyboard. The key arrangement was devised by Christopher Latham Sholes whose "Type-Writer," as it was then called, was first mass-produced in 1874. Since that time, it has become what may be the most ubiquitous machine-user interface of all time.

The QWERTY arrangement was intended to reduce the jamming of typebars as they moved to strike ink on paper. Separating certain letters from each other on the keyboard reduced the amount of jamming. In 1932, August Dvorak developed what was intended to be a faster keyboard, putting the vowels and the five most common consonants in the middle row, with the idea that an alternating rhythm would be established between left and right hands. Although the Dvorak keyboard has many adherents, it has never overcome the culture of learning to type on a QWERTY.

This was last updated in March 2006

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How many arrangements of the letters of the word KEYBOARD can be made if the vowels are to occupy only odd places in the word Arrangeme?

Total number of such possible words is 2880 Total ways of allocating vowels = 4 * 3!

How many arrangements of the letters of the word KEYBOARD can be made if the vowels are to occupy?

9. Exp: In the word 'KEYBOARD' we treat the vowels EOA as one letter. Thus, we have KYBRD (EOA). = 20*19*18*17 = 4845.

How many arrangements can be made out of the letters of the word examination?

So, there are 18,14,400 ways in which the word 'EXAMINATION' can be arranged by keeping the first letter as 'M'. Since all the vowels have to come together we are going to treat them as single letters.

How many ways can the letters of the word equation be arranged so that all the vowels come together?

Therefore, 1440 words with or without meaning, can be formed using all the letters of the word 'EQUATION', at a time so that the vowels and consonants occur together.